Fabric



March 25, 1941. c. G. MOON 2,235,842

FABRIC 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 O1 QPWKM ATTO RNEY March 25, 1941. c; G. MOON FABRIC 118d NOV. 13, 1937 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 ATTORNEY March 25, 1941. G, QN 2,235,842

' FABRIC Filed Nov. 13, 1937 4 Sheets-Sheet 35 are]: 25; 1941.. c. G. MOON v35,842

FABR I C Filed Nov. 13, 1937 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented Mar. 25, 1941 Claims.

li/iy invention consists in the novel features hereinafter disclosed, reference being had to the accompanying drawings which illustrate several embodiments of the same, selected by me for pur- 5 poses of illustration, and the said invention isfully disclosed in the following description and claims.

My invention relates toa novel fabric, the main body of which is formed of soft twistless masses m of fibrous material such as cotton, wool asbestos, sills waste, wire waste, rayon or the like, in the form of parallel slivers or rovings extending longitudinally of the fabric and held in such close contact with each other as to practically preclude w the passage of air through the fabric between the slivers or rovings, the said slivers themselves forming warps oi the fabric in addition to or in conjunction with other warp strands in the form of twisted threads or yarns, and which f if term warp threads to distinguish them from the previously mentioned slivers or rovings and transversely disposed filler threads or yarns, hereinafter referred to as fillers, which extend transversely of the fabric on opposite sides of the slivers, without, however, at any time passing be tween the same.

lily improved fabric finds its greatest utility as a heat insulating material, it being capable of being wrapped spirally with the coils edge to edge around a pipe or conductor for the passage of heated gas, steam or other fluid, and obviously the presence of apertures extending through the fabric will permit a circulation of air therethrough which defeats the heat insulating object 35 of the fabric. A preferred form of the fabric therefore comprises a plurality of slivers formed largely or substantially entirely oi twlstless asbestos fibres, formed into a roving or sliver of any desired cross sectional area, but preferably many iii thnes the cross sectional area of an ordinary thread warp such as is used in weaving fabricsof various lnnds. These asbestos fibres naturally have extremely little tensile strength and l conr 65 silver warps, in the usual manner of weaving.

veniently pass around them spirally and lightly PATENT OFFME FABRIC Clifford G. Moon, Hopedaie, Mass, assignmto Raybestos' lvfanhattan, line, Passaic, N, .i'., a corporation of New Jersey Application November if, i937, Serial No. lMAtS Certain of the thread warps being so located that they will pass between adjacent sliver warps and will become embedded therein, so that they do not separate the sliver warps when the fabric is completed, while the fillers extend crosswise of a the fabric on the upper and lower faces thereof, except where certain fillers pass around the silver warps at the edges of the fabric to form selvages, so that the fillers do not pass between the sliver warps and the latter therefore lie in the fabric it with their lateral faces in close contact throughout their length, and no orifices which would permit the circulation of air through the fabric, are formed between them.

My present application is one directly related it to my former application, Serial No. 661,870, filed March 21, 1933, upon which Letters Patent of the United States No. 2,036,7li were granted. April 7, i936, and covering the improved fabric disclosed therein, the said Letters Patent cover- W a ing an improved loom which may be conveniently employed in the manufacture of my improved fabric, although said fabric may be made by other forms of loom.

in the production of my improved fabric 1 may 25 employ any desired number of fillers and any de sired number of sliver warps and thread warps, in its simplest form the fabric will consist merely of the sliver warps, a single thread warp adapted to pass between adjacent sliver warps and single fillers extending across the upper and lower faces of the fabric and around the edges of the fabric and held between the thread warps and sliver warps. The number of thread warps and fillers may be increased without increasing the number of silver warps, to provide additional thread warps lying upon one or both sides of the sliver warps and interwoven with fillers to increase the stability of the fabric.

in some instances 1 may provide the necessary it thread warps and fillers on one face of the fabric to form an open fabric or a close or firm fabric, as may be desired, certain only of the thread warps of said fabric passing between the silver warps, to engage the fillers on the opposite face of the fabric, and being embedded in the adjacent faces thereof as before described, and all filler threads lying on one face or the other of the fabric except at the selvages.

In some instances 1 may provide sufficient thread warps to form an open fabric, or a closed or a firm fabric, on both faces of the fabric, but in such case also certain only of the thread warps will pass between the silver warps from one face fabric to the other, preferably without extra bindingwarps, the fillers of both fabrics extending across one face or the other of the sliver warps, in both face fabrics except at the selvages.

In all forms of my fabric the sliver warps are handled by suitable tubes or harness as true warps so that in every case a unitary fabric is formed.

Referring to the accompanying drawings- Fig. 1 represents a perspective view of a simple form of my improved fabric.

Fig. 1a represents a perspective View of a sliver or roving constituting one of the sliver warps.

Fig. 2 represents a longitudinal sectional view of a portion of the fabric on line 2-2 of Fig. 1, taken between sliver warps.

Fig. 3 is a transverse section of Fig. 2 on line 3-3 thereof.

Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 1 showing a slightly modified form of fabric.

Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section, similar to Fig. 2, on line 55 of Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is a view similar to Fig. 1 showing a modified form of the fabric in which a face fabric is formed on one face of the sliver warps and incorporated therewith.

Fig. 7 represents a section similar to Fig. 2 on line 'II of Fig. 6.

Fig. 8 is a view similar to Fig. 1 of a modification, in which an upper and lower face fabric 'is incorporated with the sliver warps.

Fig. 9 indicates a longitudinal section similar to Fig. 2, on line Q9 of Fig. 8.

Fig. 10 is a longitudinal section on line I0-I0 of Fig. 8.

It will be understood that the thread warps andfillers are represented as separated to an exaggerated degree for greater clearness.

In carrying my invention into effect, I prepare the slivers or rovings of the desired diameter. according to the thickness desired in the fabric. preferably by carding asbestos fibres with or without a suitable percentage of cotton fibre, and separating the carded bat into slivers of twistless fibres, in the usual manner. It is to be understood that the slivers may be formed of any other suitable fibres or fibrous material if desired. I find it convenient to wrap each sliver, indicated at I, with a holding thread 2, wound in an elongated spiral around the sliver to hold the fibres together and give the sliver alittle more tensile strength to enable the slivers to be led to and through the tubes or harness eyes of the loom. While the sliver may have any cross section, it will normally be substantially round when in separated relation, but when the sliver warps are placed side by side and bound together in the fabric, they tend to assume a substantially square or rectangular cross section, as indicated in the drawings.

In the simple fabric shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3,- the slivers I are arranged in association with a series of thread warps 3. so arranged as to be able to pass between adjacent sliver warps, in forming sheds alternately onihe upper and lower faces of the sliver warps, and the filling thread 4 is carried across first one face of the fabric and then' the other and around the selvages as indl-' cated at 5, and interwovenbetween the sliver warps and thread warps to unite them into a continuous fabric or pad. It will be noted that 3-.the i fillers '4 do not passibetween any of the,

sllverwarpsand that theportlons of the warps 3 which-lie between the adjacent sliver warps are embedded into the adjacent faces of the silver warps, so that the said adjacent faces are in close contact substantially throughout their entire length. g

It will be noted that the sliverwarps have a vastly greater cross sectional area than the thread warps,-and that they form the body of the fabric, which is like an elongated pad, the sliver warps being held in close contact longitudinally of the fabric, in this instance by the portions, 5-5 of the fillers l4' which pass around the selvages and hold the fabric together. The fillers indent themselves also into upper and lower surfaces of the sliver warps I, and into the selvage surfaces of the end sliver warps, so that the fabric takes substantially the width and thickness of the sliver warps. In practice, where the fabric is intended to be used as heat insulation, I prefer to employ asbestos fibres for the sliver warps, and to make the thread warps and fillers also of asbestos fibres with sufiicient amount of cotton, linen or other fibres to provide them with the necessary tensional strength when twisted. The holding thread 2 is preferably a twisted thread and may be formed of asbestos fibre or of cotton, linen or other suitable fibres, asits principal object is to hold the twistless asbestos fibres of the sliver warps together prior to weaving, although it does perform the same function after the fabric is woven.

In some instances, in addition to the thread warps 3 which pass from one face of the fabric to the other between the silver warps, and engage the filler threads, and which I term the main thread warps, I may also use additional thread warps at the opposite selvages, for example as shown-in Fig. 4 on one or both'faces of the fabric, and these auxiliary thread warps may also be carried along the exterior sliver warps between the edges thereof on one or both faces of the fabric, these auxiliary warps being interwoven with the fillers and forming a more or less open work surface on one or both faces of the pad, as illustrated in Figs. 6 and 8 for example, it being understood that the auxiliary thread warps remain at all times on one face of the fabric and do not pass from that face to the other at any time.

Referring now to Figs. 4 and 5, for example, in which parts corresponding to those shown and described with reference toFigs. 1 to 3 are given the same numerals with the addition of to lie on the upper face of the fabricin close relation to each other and portions of the filler thread, indicated at I01, pass around the marginal auxiliary thread warps I00. The filler thread then as indicated at I", to the opposite face of the fabric, then across the said face of the fabric, where it is interwoven with the main thread warps I00 only. This construction produces substantially the same fabric as illustrated in Figs. 1 to 3, but it will be somewhat stronger to resist handlin As will be seen only the main thread warps I03 pass from one face of the fabric :td'the other and they are embedded 7 .iliar'y thread warps 206 and fillers the filler thread which isfinterwoven on their entire length. I The between them at any point are the main thread in the adjacent lateral faces of thesoftfiller 'sliver warps. a a

In Figs. 6 and 7,, in which the parts corr spo'nding with those illustrated in; Figsrl to 3 are'given the same reference numerals with the addition of 200, I have illustrated a further modification of my invention, 'in'which, in addition to the main thread warps 2B3 Iemploy a plurality of auxiliary thread warps 206lyi'ng upon the upper face of 'each of" the several .sl iver warps 20! between the edges thereof. 2M represezits he upper face of the fabric with the main and auxil iary warps 206 to form a more or'less open'work surface. In this case also only the main thread warps 203 will be carried the fabric where they .are f interwoven with the filler thread, portions 205 of which pass around the selvages of the main fabric while portions 20] pass around the marginal auxiliary thread warps to form a substantial selvage for the face l fabric which, however, is an integral part of the'entire fabric. Obviously the 'number of aux- 204 will determine the closeness: of the surface which may be either open work or firm or close as desired.

In Figs. 8, 9 and 10. I have illustrateda modification of my invention in which the parts corresponding with those shown in Figs. 1 to 3 are given the same reference numerals. with the addition of 300. In this instance I provide two sets of main thread warps 303 on opposite facesof and in line with the adjacent faces of the lateral warps 30 I, and I provide on both the upper and lower faces of the fabric any desired number of auxiliarythread warps the main threadwarps 393 will 306. I In this instance shifted simultaneously fabric crossing each other, as indicated in Fig. 9, the portions lying between adjacent faces of the sliver warps embedding themselves in the said" adjacent faces. I The filler thread, indicated at 304; will be interwoven with the main and auxiliary thread warps on both faces of the fabric and carried around fabric to form the selvage, as indicated at tilt, whileat the same time there will be formed a more or less open work surface on both the upper and the lower portions 307! of, the filler threads interlocking withthetmarginal auxiliary thread warps "30b to form a selvage edge for the upper and lower face fabrics;

In all the modifications of my improyed fabric shown and described herein, it will be understood that the fabric, formed is a unitary fabric in which the large function of warps in the fabric .and at the same which is in thenature of a soft pad. In no case do the filling thread, or threads pass between adjacent sliver warps. so that a very compact fabric is obtained, the silver ,warps lying with their adjacent faces in contact throughout substantially only threads which pass warps, which are of so much smaller diameter that they readily embed themselves in the adjacent faces of the s1; .or warps.

My improved fabric,as before stated, finds its largest use when formed substantially entirely of asbestosand wrapped spirally around a pipe or to the ,opposite face of extending arp is with their adjacent be conveniently y to opposite faces of the the lateral edges of the faces of the'sliver warps,

fluffy sliver warps perform the some instances the fabric may be formed of other thanlasbe'stos fibres and can be used for packing,

' or any, suitable widths for. pads for padding unfor many other useful purposes.

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. An insulating of large, soft slivers of asbestos fibers, said slivers in close contact throughout substantially their entire length; at least one warp thread of relatively small sectional area disposed between each two adjacent slivers, and other warp threads at the outer edge portions of the fabric} and .flller thread means extending transversely of said slivers and arranged alternately upon opposite faces of said fabric, the transverse portions "of said filler thread means on at least one face of said fabric comprising a pluder rugs and carpets, and in packing articles, and

'rali-ty of consecutive picks overlying said slivers and retained in place by said warp threads.

2. A unitary thick insulating fabric comprising a plurality of soft sliver warps formed of asbestos fibers, said sliver warps being of large cross sectionallarea and arranged parallel to each other portions in close contact throughout substantially their entire length; at least one'warp thread of relatively small cross- ,sectional area disposed between each two adjacent sliver warps, and other warp threads at the outer edge portions of the fabric; and filler thread means extending transversely of said sliver warps and passing around the edge portions of said fabric, saidjfiller thread means being interlaced with all said warp threads and forming selvages at the edge portions of the fabric, said filler thread means also being arranged alternately above and below said sliver warps and being disposed over the outer faces of said sliver warps.

3. A unitary thick insulating fabric comprising 'a plurality of soft sliver warps formed of asbestos fibers, said sliver warps being of large cross sectional area and arranged parallel to each other with their adjacent portions in close contact throughout substantially their entire length; a holding thread spirally wound around each of said sliver warps; at least one warp thread of relatively small cross-sectional area disposed between each two adjacent sliver warps, and other warp threads at the outer edge portions of the fabric; and filler thread means extending transversely ofsaid sliver warps and passing around the edge portions of said fabric, said filler thread means being interlaced with the warp threads and forming selvages at the edge portions of the fabric, said filler thread means also being arranged alternately above and below said sliver warps and being said sliver warps.

4. A unitary thick insulating fabric comprising a plurality'of soft sliver warps formed of asbestos fibers, said sliver warps being of large cross sectional area and arranged parallel to each other with their adjacent portions in close contact throughout substantially their entire length; at least one warp thread of relatively small cross disposed over the outer faces of.

fabric comprising a plurality sectional area disposed between each two adja" cent sliver warps, and other warp threads at the outer edge portions of the fabric; filler thread means extending transversely of said sliver warps and passing around the edge portions of said fabric, said filler thread means being interlaced with all said warp threads and forming selvages at the edge portions of the fabric, said filler thread means also being arranged alternately above and below said sliver warps and being disposed over the outer faces of said sliver warps; and a plural- 'ity of auxiliary warp threads overlying at least one face of said fabric and interlaced with the filler thread means on said face of the fabric.

5. An insulating fabric comprising a plurality of large, soft slivers of asbestos fibers, said slivers 4 extending warpwise in close contact throughout substantially their entire length; a holding thread spirally wound about each of said slivers; at least one warp thread between each two adjacent slivers and at the edge portions of the fabric; and filler thread means extending transversely of said slivers and arranged alternately upon opposite faces 01' said fabric, the transverse portions of said filler thread means on both faces of said fabric comprising a plurality of consecutive picks overlying said slivers and interwoven with saidwarp threads.

CLIFFORD G. MOON. 

